Systems and methods for tracking a user&#39;s location

ABSTRACT

Techniques for tracking a current location of a user are described. According to various embodiments, an ambient noise signal proximate to a user device is detected using a microphone. Audio sample information may be accessed, where the audio sample information identifies various audio samples and, for each of the audio samples, a source of the corresponding audio sample. Thereafter, a specific audio sample corresponding to the ambient noise signal may be identified. Moreover, a current location of the user device may be determined, based on the source of the specific audio sample.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/889,074, filed May 7, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety.

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialthat is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and TrademarkOffice patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrightrights whatsoever. The following notice applies to the software and dataas described below and in the drawings that form a part of thisdocument: Copyright eBay, Inc. 2013, All Rights Reserved.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to data processing systemsand, in one specific example, to techniques for tracking a currentlocation of a user.

BACKGROUND

Various applications provide the ability to estimate a location of amobile device (such as a cell phone or smartphone) using, for example, aglobal positioning system (GPS) or a Wi-Fi positioning system of themobile device. For example, some child monitoring mobile applicationsallow parents to track the location of a child and to check that thechild is where they should be by tracking the location of the child'smobile device. Typically, the location of the mobile device will beprovided in the format of a street address, or latitude and longitudecoordinates.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation inthe figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a network diagram depicting a client-server system, withinwhich one example embodiment may be deployed;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example system, according to variousembodiments;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of audio sample information identifyingvarious audio samples, according to various embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary point of interest information identifyingvarious points of interest, according to various embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example method, according tovarious embodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates various examples of notification messages, accordingto various embodiments;

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary mobile device, according to variousembodiments; and

FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the exampleform of a computer system within which a set of instructions, forcausing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologiesdiscussed herein, may be executed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example methods and systems for tracking a current location of a userare described. In the following description, for purposes ofexplanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of example embodiments. It will be evident,however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may bepracticed without these specific details.

According to various exemplary embodiments, a current location of a userdevice (e.g., a cell phone, a smartphone, a tablet computing device,etc.) may be determined by tracking the ambient sounds and the ambienttemperature around the device. Conventional geolocation techniques, suchas geolocation techniques utilizing a global positioning system (GPS) orWi-Fi positioning system of a mobile device, may provide a devicelocation in the format of a street address (e.g., a street addresscorresponding to a shopping mall). The techniques of this disclosure maybe utilized to determine device location to a greater degree ofspecificity. For example, the techniques of this disclosure may beutilized to determine that a device is located indoors or outdoors, orthat a device is located within a restaurant of the shopping mall, orinside a bowling alley of the shopping mall, or within a car beingdriven near the shopping mall, and so on.

According to various exemplary embodiments, a microphone of a device maybe utilized to track ambient noises and sounds around the device. Thedetected sounds may be compared to a library of pre-recorded sounds,like sounds from street noise traffic, a baseball stadium, a bowlingalley, a videogame arcade, a casino, a church, a flea market, and so on.Based on the aforementioned comparison, it may be determined that thedevice is currently located at, for example, a busy street intersection,a baseball stadium, a bowling alley, an arcade, a casino, a church, aflea market, and so on.

According to various exemplary embodiments, a temperature sensor of adevice may be utilized to track an ambient temperature around thedevice. The ambient temperature may then be used to determine whetherthe device is currently located indoors or outdoors. For example, if thedetected ambient temperature is within an expected room temperaturerange, then it may be determined that the device is currently locatedindoors. On the other hand, if the detected ambient temperature deviatesfrom an expected room temperature range, then it may be determined thatthe device is currently located outdoors. Moreover, the detected ambienttemperature may be compared with weather reports for the general city orzip code where the phone is located in order to more accuratelydetermine whether the device is currently located indoors or outdoors.

According to various exemplary embodiments, an activity being performedby a user of a device may be inferred based on the current location ofthe device as determined consistent with various exemplary embodiments.For example, if the device is currently located in a bowling alley, thenit may be inferred that the user is participating in a game of bowling,or is a spectator to a game of bowling. As another example, if thedevice is currently located in a church, then it may be inferred thatthe user is currently participating in religious services. As anotherexample, if the device is currently located in a baseball stadium, thenit may be inferred that the user is currently attending a baseball game.

According to various exemplary embodiments, a notification indicating acurrent location of the user device and indicating whether the userdevice is indoors or outdoors may be transmitted to a predeterminedaddress, such as a network address corresponding to a user orcommunication device. For example, the notification may be a textmessage (e.g., short message service (SMS) message or multimediamessaging service (MMS) message) that includes a map identifying thecurrent location of the user device, where the message identifieswhether the user device is indoors or outdoors. In some embodiments, thenotification may indicate an inferred activity being performed by theuser of the device.

Thus, various benefits and advantages may be realized. For example,parents may set up their child's smartphone to transmit a text messageto the parents every two hours with the current location of the child'sphone. For example, suppose that parents drop their child at a friend'shouse for a birthday party during wintertime. After two hours, if thetemperature sensor of the child's phone detects an ambient temperatureclose to room temperature (indicating that the child is indoors), and ifthe microphone of the child's phone detects ambient noises of a party(indicating that the child is at a party), then a notification may betransmitted to the parents with an indication that the child is indoorsand attending the party. Thus, the parents are able to determine thatthe child is at the expected location.

As another example, suppose a user's husband promises that he will leavea baseball game early in order to pick up the user's parents from theairport. The husband's smartphone can be setup to transmit anotification one hour before the flight arrives. If the user's husbandis driving out of the stadium parking lot one hour before the arrival ofthe flight, then conventional GPS systems will merely indicate that thehusband's device is located at the baseball stadium. Consistent withvarious embodiments, the temperature sensor of the husband's phone maydetect an ambient temperature close to room temperature (indicating thatthe husband is not outside), and the microphone of the husband's phonemay detect ambient car cabin noises (indicating that the husband isdriving their car). Thus, a notification may be transmitted to the userwith an indication that the husband is driving their car.

FIG. 1 is a network diagram depicting a client-server system 100, withinwhich one example embodiment may be deployed. A networked system 102provides server-side functionality via a network 104 (e.g., the Internetor Wide Area Network (WAN)) to one or more clients. FIG. 1 illustrates,for example, a web client 106 (e.g., a browser), and a programmaticclient 108 executing on respective client machines 110 and 112.

An Application Program Interface (API) server 114 and a web server 116are coupled to, and provide programmatic and web interfaces respectivelyto, one or more application servers 118. The application servers 118host one or more applications 120. The application servers 118 are, inturn, shown to be coupled to one or more databases servers 124 thatfacilitate access to one or more databases 126. According to variousexemplary embodiments, the applications 120 may be implemented on orexecuted by one or more of the modules of the system 200 illustrated inFIG. 2. While the applications 120 are shown in FIG. 1 to form part ofthe networked system 102, it will be appreciated that, in alternativeembodiments, the applications 120 may form part of a service that isseparate and distinct from the networked system 102.

Further, while the system 100 shown in FIG. 1 employs a client-serverarchitecture, the present invention is of course not limited to such anarchitecture, and could equally well find application in a distributed,or peer-to-peer, architecture system, for example. The variousapplications 120 could also be implemented as standalone softwareprograms, which do not necessarily have networking capabilities.

The web client 106 accesses the various applications 120 via the webinterface supported by the web server 116. Similarly, the programmaticclient 108 accesses the various services and functions provided by theapplications 120 via the programmatic interface provided by the APIserver 114.

FIG. 1 also illustrates a third party application 128, executing on athird party server machine 130, as having programmatic access to thenetworked system 102 via the programmatic interface provided by the APIserver 114. For example, the third party application 128 may, utilizinginformation retrieved from the networked system 102, support one or morefeatures or functions on a website hosted by the third party. The thirdparty website may, for example, provide one or more functions that aresupported by the relevant applications of the networked system 102.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a device location system 200 includes amicrophone 202, a temperature sensor 203, a determination module 204,and a database 206. The modules of the device location system 200 may beimplemented on or executed by a single device (such as, for example, oneof the client machines (e.g. 110, 112) or application server(s) 118illustrated in FIG. 1), or on separate devices interconnected via anetwork. Exemplary operations of each of the modules 202-208 of thedevice location system 200 will now be described in conjunction withFIG. 3.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 300, according tovarious exemplary embodiments. The method 300 may be performed at leastin part by, for example, the device location system 200 illustrated inFIG. 2 (or an apparatus having similar modules, such as client machines110 and 112 or application server 118 illustrated in FIG. 1). Inoperation 301, the microphone 202 detects an ambient noise signalproximate to a user device. In other words, the microphone 202 detectsbackground noise or ambient noise near the user device. Theaforementioned user device may correspond to a desktop computer,personal computer, workstation, or a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone,cell phone, laptop computer, notebook computer, tablet computing device,etc.). Accordingly, the microphone 202 may correspond to a conventionalmicrophone installed on the user device, as understood by those skilledin the art. Examples of ambient noises may include noises related toconversations, traffic, trains, church bells, music concerts, sportingevents, casinos, restaurants, and so on. In operation 302, thedetermination module 204 accesses audio sample information identifyingvarious audio samples. According to various exemplary embodiments, theaudio sample information may identify, for each of the audio samples, asource of the corresponding audio sample. In some embodiments, thesource may correspond to anything or any place that is associated withthe audio sample, such as a person, a living organism, an inanimateobject, a vehicle, etc., that emitted the noise or is located close towhere the noise was emitted and/or recorded, or a place (e.g., a venue,a location, a structure, etc.) that emitted the noise or is close towhere the noise was emitted and/or recorded. For example, if an audiosample is the noise of church bells ringing, then the audio sampleinformation may identify the source of this audio sample as a church. Asanother example, if an audio sample is the noise of a game of 10 pinbowling, then the audio sample information may identify the source ofthis audio sample as a bowling alley. As yet another example, if theaudio sample is the noise of the interior cabin of a car under drivingconditions, then the audio sample information may identify the source ofthis audio sample as a car interior.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of audio sample information 400 thatidentifies a number of audio samples (e.g., by including links tovarious audio samples). Moreover, the audio sample information 400identifies, for each of the audio samples, a source of the audio sample,and whether the audio sample source is an indoor source or an outdoorsource. For example, the audio sample “Music_ConcertLink” has an outdoorsource of “Concert Arena”, while the audio sample “Bowling_AlleyLink”has an indoor source of “Bowling Alley”. The exemplary audio sampleinformation 400 may be stored locally at, for example, the database 208illustrated in FIG. 2, or may be stored remotely at a database, datarepository, storage server, etc., that is accessible by the devicelocation system 200 via a network (e.g., the Internet).

Referring again to FIG. 3, in operation 303, the determination module204 identifies, from the audio sample information accessed in operation302, a specific audio sample that corresponds to or matches the ambientnoise signal that was detected in operation 301. For example, if theambient noise signal detected in operation 301 includes the noises of agame of 10 pin bowling being played in a bowling alley, then inoperation 303, the determination module 204 will identify a matchbetween the ambient noise signal and an audio sample associated with abowling alley (e.g., an audio sample of sounds recorded in a bowlingalley). According to various exemplary embodiments, the determinationmodule 204 may use any audio matching technique or process understood bythose skilled in the art for detecting a match between an audio signaland a pre-recorded audio sample. For example, many services and softwareapplications exist for performing a pattern-matching operation between arecorded audio signal and a library of pre-recorded audio signals. Forexample, the mobile application Shazam® developed by ShazamEntertainment Ltd. allows a user to record a piece of music through amicrophone of a mobile device, and to pattern-match the recordingagainst a library of millions of pre-recorded tracks in order to detecta match between the recorded piece of music and one of the pre-recordedtracks. The techniques of pattern matching are understood by thoseskilled in the art, and will not be described in further detail in orderto avoid obscuring various aspects of the invention.

While various embodiments throughout refer to a “match” between an audiosample and an ambient noise signal, it is not necessary for thedetermination module 204 to detect an absolute or exact match betweenthe audio sample and the ambient noise signal, in order for thedetermination module 204 to determine that the audio sample correspondsto or matches the ambient noise signal. For example, operation 303 maycomprise detecting that the audio sample closely matches the ambientnoise signal, or detecting that the audio sample and the ambient noisesignal are similar or have similar aural characteristics, or determiningthat the extent or degree of similarity between the audio sample and theambient noise signal is greater than a predetermined threshold, and soon.

Referring back to the method 300 in FIG. 3, in operation 304, thedetermination module 204 determines a current location of the userdevice based on the source of the specific audio sample that wasidentified in operation 303. For example, if the determination module204 determines (in operation 303) that the ambient noise signal matchesan audio sample having a source of a bowling alley, then in operation304, the determination module 204 may determine that the user device iscurrently located in a bowling alley. Moreover, if the source of theaudio sample in the audio sample information identifies a more specificlocation (e.g., a particular bowling alley, such as “Pete's BowlingAlley” at 456 State St., Ann Arbor, Mich.), then the determinationmodule 204 may determine that the current location of the user device is“Pete's Bowling Alley” at 456 State St., Ann Arbor, Mich. As illustratedin FIG. 4, the audio sample information may also identify whether eachsource corresponds to an indoor location or an outdoor location.Accordingly, consistent with some embodiments, the determination of thelocation of the user device (see operation 304 in FIG. 3) may includedetermining whether the user device is located indoors or outdoors.

Thus, based on the specificity of the sources identified in the audiosample information, the determination module 204 may identify thelocation of a user device to varying degrees of specificity. Forexample, in some embodiments, the sources identified in the audio sampleinformation may refer to general venues or locations, such as a church,a baseball stadium, arcade, and so on. For example, if the audio sampleinformation identifies a source of “Concert Arena” for an audio samplematching an ambient noise signal detected by a user device, then thedetermination module 204 may determine that the user device is currentlylocated at a “Concert Arena”. As another example, if the audio sampleinformation identifies a source of “bowling alley” for an audio samplematching an ambient noise signal detected by a user device, then thedetermination module 204 may determine that the user device is currentlylocated at a “bowling alley”. In some embodiments, the audio sampleinformation may refer to specific venues or locations by name, such as“Yankee Stadium” or “the Vatican”. For example, if the source of theaudio sample in the audio sample information identifies a more specificlocation (e.g., a particular bowling alley, such as “Pete's BowlingAlley” at 456 State St., Ann Arbor, Mich.), then the determinationmodule 204 may determine that the current location of the user device is“Pete's Bowling Alley” at 456 State St., Ann Arbor, Mich.

According to various exemplary embodiments, after the determinationmodule 204 determines a current location of the user device, thedetermination module 204 may transmit a notification (e.g., a textmessage, such as a multimedia messaging service (MMS) message or shortmessaging service (SMS) message, instant message, e-mail, content feedupdate, etc.) identifying the current location of the user device to apredetermined address (e.g., e-mail address, telephone number, faxnumber, screen name, etc.). The notification may also identify whetherthe user device is currently indoors or outdoors. In some embodiments,the notification may identify an inferred activity being performed bythe user of the device. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates exemplarynotification text message 1000 that identifies the current location of amobile device (or the user of the mobile device) as “SpringfieldBaseball Stadium”, and includes a map 1001 indicating the currentlocation 1002 of the user/device 1002. The text message also indicatesthat the user is currently “outdoors”, identifies an inferred activity(“watching a baseball game”) being performed by the user at the currentlocation, and includes a link to directions from the current location ofthe text message recipient to the current location of the user devicebeing tracked. Similarly, FIG. 10 also illustrates exemplarynotification text message 1100 that identifies the current location of amobile device (or the user of the mobile device) as “Pete's BowlingAlley”, and includes a map 1101 indicating the current location 1102 ofthe user/device 1002. The text message also indicates that the user iscurrently “indoors”, and includes a link to directions from the currentlocation of the text message recipient to the current location of theuser device being tracked. The notifications described herein may be setup so that they are transmitted at a predetermined time, or atpredetermined time intervals, or in relation to the timing of a specificevent (e.g., one hour before a particular flight lands, one hour after aparticular baseball game ends).

According to various exemplary embodiments, the determination module 204is configured to utilize the aforementioned techniques in conjunctionwith any known geo-location techniques (e.g., global positioning system(GPS), Wi-Fi positioning systems, Internet Protocol (IP) positioningsystems, etc.), in order to determine the current location of the userdevice with a high degree of accuracy. For example, in variousembodiments described above, the determination module 204 is able todetermine that the user device is located either indoors or outdoorsproximate to a particular audio source (e.g., a church, a stadium, anarena, a restaurant, etc.). Consistent with various embodiments, thedetermination module 204 may utilize conventional geo-locationtechniques to estimate the general location of the user device (e.g.,city, town, village, suburb, street address, latitude and longitude,etc.) and determine various points of interest (e.g., churches,stadiums, arenas, restaurants, etc.) near the estimated position of theuser device. By comparing the various points of interest near the userdevice to the audio sample source of the ambient noise signal detectedby the user device, the determination module 204 is able to determinethe current location of the user device to a high degree of accuracy.

For example, FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 500,consistent with various embodiments described above. The method 500 maybe performed at least in part by, for example, the device locationsystem 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 (or an apparatus having similarmodules, such as client machines 110 and 112 or application server 118illustrated in FIG. 1). Operations 501-503 in the method 500 are similarto operations 301-303 in the method 300 (see FIG. 3). In operation 501,the microphone 202 detects an ambient noise signal proximate to a userdevice, such as the ambient sound of a baseball game. In operation 502,the determination module 204 accesses audio sample informationidentifying various audio samples and, for each of the audio samples, asource of the corresponding audio sample. In operation 503, thedetermination module 204 identifies, from the audio sample informationaccessed in operation 502, a specific audio sample that corresponds toor matches the ambient noise signal detected in operation 501. Forexample, the determination module 204 may identify an audio sample of abaseball game that matches the ambient sound of the baseball gamedetected in operation 501. As described in various embodiments, theaudio sample information may identify a corresponding source of thematching audio sample. For example, the audio sample information mayidentify the source of the matching audio sample of the baseball game asa “baseball stadium”.

In operation 504, the determination module 204 estimates, based on GPScoordinates or a Wi-Fi positioning system of the user device, a positionof the user device. For example, the determination module 204 mayestimate, based on conventional GPS coordinates or a Wi-Fi positioningsystem, that the user device is currently located in a given state,city, town, village, suburb, or at a given street address, latitude andlongitude, and so on. In operation 505, the determination module 204accesses point of interest information identifying one or more points ofinterest at or proximate to the estimated position that was estimated inoperation 504. For example, FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary point ofinterest information 600 that identifies various specific points ofinterest (e.g., facilities, establishments, businesses, venues, etc.),and the locations of these points of interest. Accordingly, thedetermination module 204 may access point of interest information 600identifying points of interest located near the estimated position ofthe user device. The exemplary point of interest information 600 may bestored locally at, for example, the database 206 illustrated in FIG. 2,or may be stored remotely at a database, data repository, storageserver, etc., that is accessible by the device location system 200 via anetwork (e.g., the Internet).

Referring back to the method 500 in FIG. 5, in operation 506, thedetermination module 204 identifies a specific point of interest (fromthe point of interest information accessed in operation 505) thatcorresponds to or matches the source of the matching audio sample (thatwas identified in operation 503). Using the example described above, thedetermination module 204 may identify a specific point of interest inthe point of interest information 600 (see FIG. 6) that is near thedevice and that matches the source of “baseball stadium” (which issource of the ambient sound of the baseball game that was detected inoperation 501). Thus, with reference to the point of interestinformation 600, the determination module 204 will identify SpringfieldStadium at location [x8, y8] as the point of interest that matches thesource of the detected audio sample. In operation 507, the determinationmodule 204 determines a current location of the user device, based onthe point of interest that was identified in operation 506. For example,since the point of interest identified in operation 506 was SpringfieldStadium located at [x8, y8], the determination module 204 will determinethat the current location of the user device is Springfield Stadium,[x8, y8]. Various operations in the method 500 may be omitted orrearranged, as necessary. For example, the operations 504 and/or 505 mayoccur before any of operations 501-503.

According to various exemplary embodiments, the determination module 204may narrow down the amount of audio sample information for the purposesof detecting a match with an ambient noise signal, based on an estimatedposition of the user device (e.g., estimated based on conventionalgeo-location techniques, such as GPS or a Wi-Fi positioning system). Forexample, if the determination module 204 estimates the current positionof the user device, and determines points of interest located near theuser device, then the determination module 204 may access audio sampleinformation for a subset of audio samples having sources correspondingto these points of interest. Thereafter, the determination module 204may compare any detected ambient noise signal with this subset of audiosamples. Thus, the determination module 204 may avoid performing apattern matching process between the detected ambient noise signal and alarge number of audio samples.

For example, FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 700,consistent with various embodiments described above. The method 700 maybe performed at least in part by, for example, the device locationsystem 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 (or an apparatus having similarmodules, such as client machines 110 and 112 or application server 118illustrated in FIG. 1). In operation 701, the microphone 202 detects anambient noise signal proximate to a user device. For example, if theuser device is located near a bowling alley in a strip mall, themicrophone 202 may detect an ambient noise signal corresponding to agame of bowling that is being played near the user device. In operation702, the determination module 204 estimates, based on geo-locationinformation, a position of the user device. For example, thedetermination module 204 may estimate, based on conventional GPScoordinates or a Wi-Fi positioning system, that the user device iscurrently located at a given street address, latitude and longitude, orin a given state, city, town, village, suburb, and so on. In operation703, the determination module 204 accesses point of interest informationidentifying points of interest at or proximate to the estimated positionof the user device. For example, FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary point ofinterest information 600 identifying various specific points of interest(e.g., facilities, establishments, businesses, venues, etc.), and thelocations of these points of interest. Thus, if the determination module204 estimates that the user device is located near, for example, a stripmall, the determination module 204 may access point of interestinformation 600 identifying shops in the strip mall that are locatednear the user device.

In operation 704, the determination module 204 accesses audio sampleinformation identifying a plurality of audio samples and, for each ofthe audio samples, a source of the corresponding audio sample. Forexample, see the audio sample information 400 illustrated in FIG. 4. Inoperation 705, the determination module 204 identifies a subset of audiosamples having sources corresponding to the points of interest near theestimated position of the user device. For example, if a bowling alleyor restaurants of a strip mall are located near the user device, thenthe determination module 204 may identify an audio sample of a bowlingalley source or an audio sample of a restaurant source from the audiosample information. In operation 706, the determination module 204identifies, from the subset of audio samples identified in operation705, a specific audio sample that corresponds to or matches the ambientnoise signal detected in operation 701. For example, the determinationmodule 204 may identify the audio sample of a bowling alley as matchingthe ambient noise of the game of bowling that was detected in operation701. In operation 707, the determination module 204 determines a currentlocation of the user device, based on the point of interest thatcorresponds to the matched audio sample. For example, if the ambientnoise signal of the game of bowling matches the audio sample from the“bowling alley” source, the determination module 204 may determine thatthe user device is located inside the bowling alley at [x6, y6] in thestrip mall (e.g., see point of interest information 600 and FIG. 6).Various operations in the method 700 may be omitted or rearranged, asnecessary. For example, operation 704 may occur before any of operations701-703. As another example, operation 701 may occur before operation706 and after any of operations 702-705.

According to various exemplary embodiments described in conjunction withFIGS. 8 and 9, a temperature sensor of a user device may be utilized tohelp determine a current location of the user device. For example, ifthe temperature sensor detects a moderate temperature that may beexpected within an indoor environment, then the device location system200 may determine that the user device is currently located indoors. Incontrast, if the temperature sensor detects a more extreme temperature(e.g., a high temperature or a low temperature) that may be expectedfrom an outdoor environment, then the device location system 200 maydetermine that the user device is currently located outdoors.

For example, FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 800,consistent with various embodiments described above. The method 800 maybe performed at least in part by, for example, the device locationsystem 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 (or an apparatus having similarmodules, such as client machines 110 and 112 or application server 118illustrated in FIG. 1). In operation 801, the temperature sensor 203detects an ambient temperature proximate to the user device. Thetemperature sensor 203 may correspond to any type of temperature sensorknown to those skilled in the art. In operation 802, the determinationmodule 204 compares the detected ambient temperature to one or moretemperature thresholds. For example, the thresholds may specify anexpected room temperature range (e.g., 65° F. to 75° F.). In operation803, the determination module 204 determines that the user device iscurrently located indoors or outdoors, based on the comparison inoperation 802. For example, if the ambient temperature detected inoperation 801 is within the expected room temperature range (e.g., 65°F. to 75° F.), then the determination module 204 may determine that theuser device is currently located indoors. On the other hand, if theambient temperature detected in operation 801 is outside the expectedroom temperature range, then the determination module 204 may determinethat the user device is currently located outdoors.

According to various exemplary embodiments, the device location system200 may also access weather information indicating the current reportedoutdoor temperature for an estimated position of the user device (e.g.,current weather report for a city, suburb, or postal code where the userdevice is located) in order to accurately determine whether the userdevice is currently located indoors or outdoors.

For example, FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 900,consistent with various embodiments described above. The method 900 maybe performed at least in part by, for example, the device locationsystem 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 (or an apparatus having similarmodules, such as client machines 110 and 112 or application server 118illustrated in FIG. 1). In operation 901, the temperature sensor 203detects an ambient temperature proximate to the user device. Thetemperature sensor 203 may correspond to any type of temperature sensorknown to those skilled in the art. In operation 902, the determinationmodule 204 estimates, based on geo-location information, a position ofthe user device. For example, the determination module 204 may estimate,based on conventional GPS coordinates or a Wi-Fi positioning system,that the user device is currently located at a given street address,latitude and longitude, or in a given state, city, town, village,suburb, and so on. In operation 903, the determination module 204accesses weather information indicating a current outdoor temperaturefor the estimated position of the user device. For example, if the GPScoordinates obtained from the user device indicates that the user deviceis located in area code 48104 (Ann Arbor, Mich.), then the determinationmodule 204 will access current weather information for area code 48104.For example, the current weather information for area code 48104 mayindicate a current reported outdoor temperature of 20° F. during wintermonths, or may indicate a current reported outdoor temperature of 90° F.during summer months. In operation 904, the determination module 204compares the ambient temperature detected in operation 901 to thecurrent reported outdoor temperature accessed in operation 903. Inoperation 905, the determination module 204 determines that the userdevice is currently located indoors or outdoors, based on the comparisonin operation 904. For example, if the ambient temperature detected inoperation 901 is 65° F. and the current reported outdoor temperature is20° F., then the determination module 204 may determine that the ambienttemperature is significantly higher than the current reported outdoortemperature. Accordingly, the determination module 204 may determinethat the user device is located indoors. On the other hand, if theambient temperature detected in operation 901 is 22° F. and the currentreported outdoor temperature is 20° F., then the determination module204 may determine that the ambient temperature is approximately equal tothe current reported outdoor temperature. Accordingly, the determinationmodule 204 may determine that the user device is located outdoors.

Various embodiments described throughout may be combined. For example,according to various exemplary embodiments, the location of the userdevice may be determined based on both an ambient noise signal detectedby a microphone of the user device and an ambient temperature detectedby a temperature sensor of the device. For example, various embodimentsdescribed in conjunction with FIG. 8 or 9 may be performed inconjunction with various embodiments described in conjunction with FIG.3, 5, or 7.

Example Mobile Device

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile device 115, accordingto an example embodiment. The mobile device 115 may correspond to, forexample, the client machines 110, 112 illustrated in FIG. 1. The mobiledevice 115 may include a processor 310. The processor 310 may be any ofa variety of different types of commercially available processorssuitable for mobile devices (for example, an XScale architecturemicroprocessor, a Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages(MIPS) architecture processor, or another type of processor). A memory320, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash memory, or other typeof memory, is typically accessible to the processor. The memory 320 maybe adapted to store an operating system (OS) 330, as well as applicationprograms 340, such as a mobile location enabled application that mayprovide LBSs to a user. The processor 310 may be coupled, eitherdirectly or via appropriate intermediary hardware, to a display 350 andto one or more input/output (I/O) devices 360, such as a keypad, a touchpanel sensor, a microphone, and the like. Similarly, in someembodiments, the processor 310 may be coupled to a transceiver 370 thatinterfaces with an antenna 390. The transceiver 370 may be configured toboth transmit and receive cellular network signals, wireless datasignals, or other types of signals via the antenna 390, depending on thenature of the mobile device 115. Further, in some configurations, a GPSreceiver 380 may also make use of the antenna 390 to receive GPSsignals.

Modules, Components and Logic

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute eithersoftware modules (e.g., code embodied (1) on a non-transitorymachine-readable medium or (2) in a transmission signal) orhardware-implemented modules. A hardware-implemented module is tangibleunit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured orarranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or morecomputer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system)or one or more processors may be configured by software (e.g., anapplication or application portion) as a hardware-implemented modulethat operates to perform certain operations as described herein.

In various embodiments, a hardware-implemented module may be implementedmechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware-implementedmodule may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanentlyconfigured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integratedcircuit (ASIC)) to perform certain operations. A hardware-implementedmodule may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., asencompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmableprocessor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certainoperations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement ahardware-implemented module mechanically, in dedicated and permanentlyconfigured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g.,configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.

Accordingly, the term “hardware-implemented module” should be understoodto encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired) or temporarily ortransitorily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certainmanner and/or to perform certain operations described herein.Considering embodiments in which hardware-implemented modules aretemporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of thehardware-implemented modules need not be configured or instantiated atany one instance in time. For example, where the hardware-implementedmodules comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software,the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective differenthardware-implemented modules at different times. Software mayaccordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute aparticular hardware-implemented module at one instance of time and toconstitute a different hardware-implemented module at a differentinstance of time.

Hardware-implemented modules can provide information to, and receiveinformation from, other hardware-implemented modules. Accordingly, thedescribed hardware-implemented modules may be regarded as beingcommunicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware-implementedmodules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved throughsignal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) thatconnect the hardware-implemented modules. In embodiments in whichmultiple hardware-implemented modules are configured or instantiated atdifferent times, communications between such hardware-implementedmodules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrievalof information in memory structures to which the multiplehardware-implemented modules have access. For example, onehardware-implemented module may perform an operation, and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware-implemented module may then,at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process thestored output. Hardware-implemented modules may also initiatecommunications with input or output devices, and can operate on aresource (e.g., a collection of information).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modulesreferred to herein may, in some example embodiments, compriseprocessor-implemented modules.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of amethod may be performed by one or processors or processor-implementedmodules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributedamong the one or more processors, not only residing within a singlemachine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some exampleembodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a singlelocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as aserver farm), while in other embodiments the processors may bedistributed across a number of locations.

The one or more processors may also operate to support performance ofthe relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a“software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of theoperations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples ofmachines including processors), these operations being accessible via anetwork (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces(e.g., Application Program Interfaces (APIs).)

Electronic Apparatus and System

Example embodiments may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry,or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them.Example embodiments may be implemented using a computer program product,e.g., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier,e.g., in a machine-readable medium for execution by, or to control theoperation of, data processing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor,a computer, or multiple computers.

A computer program can be written in any form of programming language,including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed inany form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, subroutine,or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computerprogram can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiplecomputers at one site or distributed across multiple sites andinterconnected by a communication network.

In example embodiments, operations may be performed by one or moreprogrammable processors executing a computer program to performfunctions by operating on input data and generating output. Methodoperations can also be performed by, and apparatus of exampleembodiments may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry,e.g., a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC).

The computing system can include clients and servers. A client andserver are generally remote from each other and typically interactthrough a communication network. The relationship of client and serverarises by virtue of computer programs running on the respectivecomputers and having a client-server relationship to each other. Inembodiments deploying a programmable computing system, it will beappreciated that that both hardware and software architectures requireconsideration. Specifically, it will be appreciated that the choice ofwhether to implement certain functionality in permanently configuredhardware (e.g., an ASIC), in temporarily configured hardware (e.g., acombination of software and a programmable processor), or a combinationof permanently and temporarily configured hardware may be a designchoice. Below are set out hardware (e.g., machine) and softwarearchitectures that may be deployed, in various example embodiments.

Example Machine Architecture and Machine-Readable Medium

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of machine in the example form of a computersystem 1200 within which instructions, for causing the machine toperform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may beexecuted. In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as astandalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to othermachines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in thecapacity of a server or a client machine in server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment. The machine may be a personal computer (PC), atablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), acellular telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge,or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further,while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include any collection of machines that individually orjointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform anyone or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 1200 includes a processor 1202 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) orboth), a main memory 1204 and a static memory 1206, which communicatewith each other via a bus 1208. The computer system 1200 may furtherinclude a video display unit 1210 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 1200 also includes analphanumeric input device 1212 (e.g., a keyboard or a touch-sensitivedisplay screen), a user interface (UI) navigation device 1214 (e.g., amouse), a disk drive unit 1216, a signal generation device 1218 (e.g., aspeaker) and a network interface device 1220.

Machine-Readable Medium

The disk drive unit 1216 includes a machine-readable medium 1222 onwhich is stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures(e.g., software) 1224 embodying or utilized by any one or more of themethodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1224 mayalso reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory1204 and/or within the processor 1202 during execution thereof by thecomputer system 1200, the main memory 1204 and the processor 1202 alsoconstituting machine-readable media.

While the machine-readable medium 1222 is shown in an example embodimentto be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include asingle medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributeddatabase, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one ormore instructions or data structures. The term “machine-readable medium”shall also be taken to include any tangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machineand that cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies of the present invention, or that is capable of storing,encoding or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with suchinstructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly betaken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, andoptical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine-readable mediainclude non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductormemory devices, e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM),Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and flashmemory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removabledisks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

Transmission Medium

The instructions 1224 may further be transmitted or received over acommunications network 1226 using a transmission medium. Theinstructions 1224 may be transmitted using the network interface device1220 and any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g.,HTTP). Examples of communication networks include a local area network(“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), the Internet, mobile telephonenetworks, Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless datanetworks (e.g., WiFi and WiMAX networks). The term “transmission medium”shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine,and includes digital or analog communications signals or otherintangible media to facilitate communication of such software.

Although an embodiment has been described with reference to specificexample embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications andchanges may be made to these embodiments without departing from thebroader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, thespecification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative ratherthan a restrictive sense. The accompanying drawings that form a parthereof, show by way of illustration, and not of limitation, specificembodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. Theembodiments illustrated are described in sufficient detail to enablethose skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein.Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such thatstructural and logical substitutions and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of this disclosure. This Detailed Description,therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope ofvarious embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along withthe full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred toherein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merelyfor convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope ofthis application to any single invention or inventive concept if morethan one is in fact disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments havebeen illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that anyarrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substitutedfor the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to coverany and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in theart upon reviewing the above description.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: detecting an ambient noisesignal proximate to a user device; accessing audio sample informationidentifying a plurality of audio samples and, for each of the audiosamples, a source of the corresponding audio sample; identifying, fromthe audio sample information, a specific one of the audio samples thatcorresponds to the ambient noise signal; determining, using one or morehardware processors, a current location of the user device based on thesource of the specific audio sample; detecting, using a temperaturesensor of the user device, an ambient temperature proximate to the userdevice; estimating, based at least in part on global positioning systeminformation, a position of the user device; accessing weatherinformation indicating a current outdoor temperature for the estimatedposition of the user device; comparing the detected ambient temperatureto the current outdoor temperature; inferring, based on the determinedcurrent location of the user device and the ambient temperatureproximate to the user device, an activity being performed by a user ofthe user device; and transmitting a communication associated with theinferred activity to a predetermined address.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the transmitting the communication associated with the inferredactivity comprises transmitting a notification identifying the inferredactivity to the predetermined address.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe determining of the current location of the user device comprises:accessing point of interest information identifying one or more pointsof interest at or proximate to the estimated position, wherein thecurrent location of the user device is determined by identifying aspecific one of the points of interest that corresponds to the source ofthe specific audio sample.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:accessing point of interest information identifying one or more pointsof interest at or proximate to the estimated position; and identifying,from the audio sample information, a subset of audio samples havingsources corresponding to the points of interest, wherein the specificaudio sample is identified from the subset of audio samples.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the audio sample information identifies thesource of each of the audio samples as being at an indoor location or anoutdoor location.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining thecurrent location comprises: determining that the current location of theuser device is at the indoor location or the outdoor location based atleast in part on the audio sample information.
 7. The method of claim 1,further comprising: determining that the user device is currentlylocated indoors or outdoors based on the comparison of the detectedambient temperature to the current outdoor temperature.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: transmitting a notification identifying thecurrent location of the user device to the predetermined address.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the notification is any one of an email, atext message, or an instant message.
 10. An system comprising: amicrophone configured to detect an ambient noise signal proximate to auser device; a temperature sensor configured to detect an ambienttemperature proximate to the user device; and a determination moduleimplemented by one or more hardware processors and configured to: accessaudio sample information identifying a plurality of audio samples and,for each of the audio samples, a source of the corresponding audiosample; identify, from the audio sample information, a specific one ofthe audio samples that corresponds to the ambient noise signal;determine a current location of the user device based on the source ofthe specific audio sample; estimate, based at least in part on globalpositioning system information, a position of the user device; accessweather information indicating a current outdoor temperature for theestimated position of the user device; compare the detected ambienttemperature to the current outdoor temperature; infer, based on thedetermined current location of the user device and the ambienttemperature proximate to the user device, an activity being performed bya user of the user device; and transmit a communication associated withthe inferred activity to a predetermined address.
 11. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the communication associated with the inferredactivity includes a notification identifying the inferred activity tothe predetermined address.
 12. The system of claim 10, wherein thedetermination module is further configured to: access point of interestinformation identifying one or more points of interest at or proximateto the estimated position, wherein the current location of the userdevice is determined by identifying a specific one of the points ofinterest that corresponds to the source of the specific audio sample.13. The system of claim 10, wherein the determination module is furtherconfigured to: access point of interest information identifying one ormore points of interest at or proximate to the estimated position; andidentify, from the audio sample information, a subset of audio sampleshaving sources corresponding to the points of interest, wherein thespecific audio sample is identified from the subset of audio samples.14. The system of claim 10, wherein the audio sample informationidentifies the source of the audio sample as being at an indoor locationor an outdoor location.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein thedetermination module is further configured to: determine that thecurrent location of the user device is at the indoor location or theoutdoor location based at least in part on the audio sample information.16. The system of claim 10, wherein the determination module is furtherconfigured to: determine that the user device is currently locatedindoors or outdoors based on the comparison of the detected ambienttemperature to the current outdoor temperature.
 17. The system of claim10, wherein the determination module is further configured to: transmita notification identifying the current location of the user device tothe predetermined address.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein thenotification is any one of an email, a text message, or an instantmessage.
 19. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium havingembodied thereon instructions that when executed by one or moreprocessors of a machine, cause the machine to perform operationscomprising: detecting an ambient noise signal proximate to a userdevice; accessing audio sample information identifying a plurality ofaudio samples and, for each of the audio samples, a source of thecorresponding audio sample; identifying, from the audio sampleinformation, a specific one of the audio samples that corresponds to theambient noise signal; determining a current location of the user device,based on the source of the specific audio sample; detecting, using atemperature sensor of the user device, an ambient temperature proximateto the user device; estimating, based at least in part on globalpositioning system information, a position of the user device; accessingweather information indicating a current outdoor temperature for theestimated position of the user device; comparing the detected ambienttemperature to the current outdoor temperature; inferring, based on thedetermined current location of the user device and the ambienttemperature proximate to the user device, an activity being performed bya user of the user device; and transmitting a communication associatedwith the inferred activity to a predetermined address.
 20. Thenon-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein thecommunication associated with the inferred activity includes anotification identifying the inferred activity to the predeterminedaddress.